Article 15(c) of the Qualification Directive provides subsidiary protection where the appellant faces a real risk of serious harm from indiscriminate violence in situations of international or internal armed conflict. Country experts assess conflict conditions, security situation, and whether the appellant's specific circumstances engage Article 15(c).
Article 15(c) analysis differs from individual persecution assessment under the Refugee Convention. Experts must address the level of indiscriminate violence in the relevant region and whether the appellant would face a real risk by virtue of presence in the conflict zone.
Conflict zones including Somalia, Afghanistan, Sudan, and parts of Nigeria and Pakistan frequently engage Article 15(c). Network routing ensures jurisdiction-specific conflict analysis.
Frequently Asked Questions
How does Article 15(c) differ from Refugee Convention claims?
Article 15(c) engages indiscriminate violence in conflict situations rather than individual persecution. Country experts assess conflict conditions and whether the appellant faces real risk from presence in the conflict zone.
Which countries commonly engage Article 15(c)?
Somalia, Afghanistan, Sudan, and parts of Nigeria, Pakistan, and other conflict-affected countries. Jurisdiction-specific conflict analysis is essential.